This paper is intended to provide a major contribution to the study of strategic planning theory and practice through the detailed analysis of current theoretical strategic planning processes coupled with an extensive survey of the practice of strategic planning in major u. The theories and models underpinning strategic decisionmaking sdm are somewhat eclectic that demand multidisciplinary approach and appears nondifferential from decisionmaking dm theories. It also works for companies that are new to strategic planning. The strategic planningmanagement theories of porter and ohmae were derived from both ansoff and mentzberg. The approach to learning is based on sessions and individual studies of strategic planning by going through all the steps for strategic planning of a single organisation of ones.
With this model, a company uses natural, selforganizing systems that originate from its values and then leverages its own resources to achieve goals, conserve funds, and operate effectively. In order to understand the dynamics of strategies from the current period, extremely turbulent through its manifestations, and in order to identify the reference points to focus the future construction of strategic management on, we must first understand the current context. This strategic planning model is best suited for new organizations that never did the. Rather, it is a menu of options for wic staff to consider when planning or implementing any training strategy.
To learn more about the basics of strategic planning, read this article. The purpose of this article is to explain some of the more popular models students will come across in their studies. This paper is a first attempt that puts the discipline into perspective of its coherent whole. Introduction to strategic leadership 3 in strategic leadership, we will help you develop that bigpicture understanding of how to guide your actions. There are 5 models that you can choose when applying strategic planning to your company. Jofre foreword the present report is the result of an ongoing study on the patterns and trends on both the theory and practice in the field of strategic management. Strategic management theories by richard scroggins capella university, united states. Competence theory is actually the most concrete and plausible alternative to the dominant strategic model of industrial organization. Theories either explicitly or implicitly usually includetimeasavariable,sincebydefinitionstrategy,competition,competitiveadvantage,industries, organizations, and environments are considered. It assists firms in aligning their activities by illustrating potential tradeoffs. Strategic planning is a systematic process of envisioning a desired future, and.
The basic model of strategic planning is the most common and simplistic approach. It also has a section on information technology and how it is used to. Key theories, applications, and planning processes related. In intrinsic incentive motivation theory, motivation is theorized to come from ones own self. When you deploy it correctly, strategic planning highlights problems, helps find solutions, and monitors progress. The syllabus has three whole sections on strategic choices and strategic action. These are powerful tools, which can be used to analyse how it can be used strategically. Theories of planning tweet planning theory is generally called procedural because it generally concerns itself with the process through which planning occurs and whether or not that process is valid. Introduction planning is one of the fundamentals of modern life. The basic model works well for companies that are small, do not have much time to plan, dont need to address many serious issues, or operate in stable external environments. Reconceiving the roles for planning, plans, planners. In the determination of how companies use it there are many models available to us. Michael porters five forces model is an older strategic management model in 1979.
Etzioni 1968 suggested that organizations plan on two different levels. The strategic planning model proposed in the dissertation attempts to provide a. They are all efficient, and you must select the one that fits better your organization. The theory and practice of strategy in business organizations. Logic models, theories of change, and strategic plans how to. Basic overview of various strategic planning models. Organizational effectiveness models at higher education organizational effectiveness is an extensively researched topic rojas, 2000 and according to karagoz and oz 2008, work on organizational effectiveness started in the 1930s, later expanded by many theories and approached in. Strategic planning is, an acknowledged essential discipline, a vital, systematic and ongoing process that enables organisations to plan the use and application of their resources, skills, and knowledge in order to achieve their organisational missions, goals and objectives in environments of ongoing change. Im willing to bet one of these situations sounds familiar. It is a visual chart with elements describing a firms value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. Key theories, applications, and planning processes related to. Additionally, the secondary goal is to evaluate the implications for strategic information technology management.
The strategic planning management theories of porter and ohmae were derived from both ansoff and mentzberg. There is a section for theories, applications, and planning processes. May 18, 2016 in a recent article about strategic planning, we discussed some informal approaches to actually doing so. Within the departments and offices, it means aligning a division, section, unit or team to a higherlevel strategy. Strategic planning is a broad concept that has been introduced into the main stream practices of todays corporations. Strategic planning frameworks and models smartsheet. Strategic planning is a team process that sets up how your company will accomplish its goals. To begin the plan, choose how to move forward by building a structured system that is dataandinformation based, something that will tell how to respond to a changing market. At every stage of strategicplanning the planner asks, what must be done at the previous lower stage to reach here. Strategic planning defined strategic planning is a process of looking into the future and identifying trends and issues against which to align organizational priorities of the department or office. The delta model an integrative strategic framework adaptive processes strategic agenda competitive positioning activities that drive profitability industry structure external factors determining industry attractiveness aggregate and granular metrics experimentation and feedback business scope core competencies mission of the. History and theories of planning why do we do what we do.
Vision, mission, business model and strategic plan. Strategic planning is a process undertaken by an organization to develop a plan for achievement of its overall longterm organizational goals model. A strategic planning process model for developing open. I am a student researching about strategic quality planning. The series facilitating strategic planning from the consultants development institute provides virtual courses and numerous downloadable tools to learn to facilitate strategic planning. It was possible to identify three overarching aims of the use of theories, models and frameworks in implementation science. Strategic leaders also influence subordinates to recognize and take actions that enable the companys longterm. This paper will discuss the main elements of strategic planning and show the path how to get from a concept for the future of an.
Incentive theory can be further divided into two sub categories. The organic model takes an unconventional approach because it focuses on the organizations vision and values, versus plans and processes. Strategic planning is not to create a strategy but to programme a strategy already created strategic planning is essentially analytical in nature, based on decomposition, while strategy creation is a process of synthesis henry mintzberg. Strategic management is a broader term than strategy and is a process that includes top managements analysis of the environment in which the organization operates prior to formulat ing a strategy, as well as the plan for implementation and control of the strategy. Organizational effectiveness models at higher education organizational effectiveness is an extensively researched topic rojas, 2000 and according to karagoz and oz 2008, work on organizational effectiveness started in the 1930s, later expanded by many theories and approached in the 1970s and onward. Operations strategy versus business strategy what are the the differences between the operations strategy and the business strategy.
Sarah cotton nelson ut southwestern, dallas, texas. Potentials for improving commodity subsector performance timothy woods, james sterns, donald ricks, and randy bitsky abstract subsector, or industry strategic planning is a potentia lly useful tool that can be designed to enhance. Periurban research project team development planning unit. Planning is rooted in applied disciplines primary interest in practical problem solving planning codified as a professional activity originally transmitted by practitioners via apprenticeships early planning theories little distinction between goals, knowledge and planning process nascent theories imbedded in utopian visions. Also, in contrast to tactical planning which focuses at achieving narrowly defined interim objectives with predetermined means, strategic planning looks at the wider picture and is flexible in choice of its means i. It is a pervasive human activity imbedded in futureoriented decision making. However, the planning, organizing, and strategizing. This document does not judge which theory, application or process is the best or identify any one that should be used above the others. He posited that organizations could accomplish this by essentially scanning the environment on multiple levels and then choose different strategies and tactics to address what they found there. Strategic planning is in our times viewed upon as a component part of the strategic management and as one of the principal management tools of an organisation management, elements of the organisation planning system. The strategy at your organization is nonexistent, and youre assigned to find a strategic planning model so. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks.
Basic overview of various strategic planning models learn strategic planning without incurring travel costs. The theory and practice of strategy in business organizations s. Internal and external discovery grounded in the toc or logic models 29. Logic models, theories of change, and strategic plans how. However, there are plenty of ageold models designed specifically for strategic planning, each of which strive to optimize your organization in a different way. A few examples include game theoretic models, nklandscapemodels,karmedbanditmodels,and agentbasedmodeling. Becoming an effective strategic leader involves developing your skills and knowledge to cope with competition and respond quickly to opportunities. Theories, models and frameworks in implementation science. Using a handbook for strategic planning, the senior leadership team can complete most of the. Strategic management theories global journals incorporation.
Logic models, theories of change, and strategic plans how to help funders understand your impact. Strategic leaders also influence subordinates to recognize and. In our personal lives we plan holidays, careers, the acquisition of assets e. Quality leadership tql coordinators, and strategic planning facilitators in leading the strategic management process. Apr 21, 2015 theories, models and frameworks in implementation science. But we will also encourage you to take responsibility and initiative for how you implement those strategies on a daytoday tactical level. Traditionally, the evolutionary process has catapulted from long range planning to strategic planning in. Planning theory aicp exam prep history, theory and law michael elliott, school of city and regional planning, georgia tech february 7, 2014 1. A changing conceptual landscape german adell draft for discussion march 1999 for more information, please contact. Critical aspects in the strategic management theory. Auflage 2017 2017 fachhochschule des mittelstands gmbh, bielefeld. The vision for the project must be known and described, and the values and ethics among the key players should be well defined.