Aphididae, is one of the most destructive insect pests of legume plants worldwide. Within a few days, nymphs mature into reproductive adults and. Control of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Identification and characterization of resistance to cowpea. Observations on aphis craccivora koch, the vector of the rosette virus disease of groundnut, at serere, uganda, in 196468 showed that the aphids could survive the dry season on the common weeds euphorbia hirta and e. Aphid colony, body length 12mm this aphid is known as cowpea aphids or. Control of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch homoptera. The study was conducted to determine the impacts of prey densities on larval development time, and the survival rate of larval stage. Morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis craccivora. Polyphagous, with a preference for legumes economic importance. Sometimes on the hibiscus plants in our backyard, we can find this aphids. Aphis craccivora a polyphagous aphid species with a preference for fabaceae. Pdf biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid. Cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, is a major cowpea pest.
Fungalbased biopesticides offer a better option because they are environment and consumerfriendly. Originally of probable palearctic origin, it is now an invasive species of cosmopolitan distribution. The biology and feeding potentiality of three species of syrphid flies viz. Study on the feeding ability of two predators of aphis craccivora koch, i. Environmental science and pollution research international 2020 v. Since economic thresholds have been developed for individual species, proper aphid. In many of these crops there is no natural genetic resistance to this sapsucking insect or resistance genes have been overcome by newly emerged cpa biotypes.
Aphis coordinates these responsibilities along with the other designated federal agencies as part of the federal. This page was last edited on 19 december 2019, at 19. Nymphs dull greyish, lightly powdered biology it lives throughout the year without producing sexual forms. Biology of groundnut aphid, aphis craccivora koch on cowpea, vigna unguiculata linnaeus walpers. Worldwide in distribution, but particularly common in warm temperate and tropical regions. Nov 15, 20 here, we investigate facultative symbiont species richness and prevalence among worldwide populations of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Guest book cowpea aphid aphis craccivora family aphididae. Single nucleotide polymorphisms snps in mtdna cytochrome c oxidase.
Darkbrown ovoid body of apterous female is shining. In addition, we evaluate the influence of density of gossypol glands and trichomes of leaves on the biology of the aphid. Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid aphis craccivora on faba bean vicia faba cultivars. Many north american and a few southern european aphis craccivora populations have a reduced sclerotic shield. The following are ranked with the pesticides having the greatest ipm value listed firstthe most effective and least harmful to natural enemies, honey bees, and the environment are at the top of the table. The cosmopolitan cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch hemiptera. The feeding of this aphid on clover and alfalfa causes plant wilting as well as. Morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis craccivora he miptera. The green peach aphid, myzus persicae, is a vector for more than 110 plant viruses. Cowpea aphid on alfalfauc pest management guidelines. Usda aphis, veterinary services preparedness and incident coordination staff this version of the usda aphis csf response plan. Integrated management of aphis craccivora in cowpea using.
Keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name. Proceedings of biology of the academy of sciences of tajik ssr 454. Aphis in the aphid species file database, accessed on 07012014. Although outbreaks of this pest occur annually in thailand causing heavy damage, its genetic structure and demographic history are poorly understood. Biological studies and life table of cycloneda sanguinea l. Aphis craccivora, variously known as the cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid or black legume aphid, is a true bug in the family aphididae. In plants which produce the phytoestrogen coumestrol, such as alfalfa, damage by aphids is. Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid identification, images. Generation time is the time required to complete a generation.
Its feeding causes leaf shriveling and bud deformation and as the population increases, plant infested become weaked due to loss of sap and toxins injected silva et al. Aphididae are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. During the spring season on the hibiscus plants in our backyard, we find this aphid. Cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid references originnal reference references links. The total aphid consumption by the grub ranged between 320330. The first, second and third instar grubs consumed 3035, 6575 and 215220 aphis craccivora aphis craccivora subject category. Aphis craccivora was found to be more dominant than a. Aphis craccivora and aphis fabae were found to infest broad bean in egypt. Cowpea aphid, black legume aphid, groundnut aphid distribution. Cotton aphids aphis gossypii often infect sugarcane, papaya and peanuts with viruses.
The effect of pod growth stages in cowpea on aphid. The cowpea aphid on cotton is easily confused with cotton aphid, a. Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of cowpea and. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. The damage and bionomics of the aphid are briefly introduced. Colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure the cowpea aphid performance. In taiwan, each female cowpea aphid can, lay nearly 100 nymphs during 2 wk at 25c kuo and chen 2004.
The production is, however, greatly hampered by severe infestation and damage by insect pests including the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Aphis craccivora koch, has become a pest of alfalfa and has been found colonizing cotton in californias san joaquin valley. The identification and characterization of this novel resistance locus to cpa. This chapter discusses the biology, ecology, and management of aphids that attack tomato. The performance of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch.
Maruca testulalis geyer and pod sucking bugs are commonly encountered and are of economic. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Mutualism between the bean aphids aphis craccivora koch and ants. See subspecies craccivora for additional information. Aphis craccivora, crop pest, entomopathogenic fungi, median lethal concentration introduction cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch is a threat to cowpea growers in all over the country. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Genetic differentiating aphis fabae and aphis craccivora. To protect plant health, biotechnology regulatory services brs implements aphis regulations for certain organisms developed using genetic engineering that may pose a risk to plant health. Aphids, as a group, represent some of the most damaging insects to agriculture in the world. Insecta, hemimetabola, hemiptera, sternorrhyncha, aphidoidea, aphididae common name. Colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure. Pdf morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis.
Brady cm, asplen mk, desneux n, heimpel ge, hopper kr, linnen cr, oliver km, wulff ja, white ja. Cowpea, vigna unguiculata was infested at the young, mid. The aphid rhopalosiphum prunifolia has the shortest generation time. Aphis coordinates these responsibilities along with the other designated federal agencies as part of the federal coordinated framework for the regulation of. Worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts. Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of cowpea and also causes significant yield losses in other legume crops including.
More than 100 field pests of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Acyrthosiphon pisum, to a selection of novel biorational insecticides using an artificial diet. There were three larval instars and the total larval durations were 49, 610 and 59 days. Identification and characterization of resistance to. The bionomy and ecology of aphis craccivora on robinia pseudoacacia was studied. Biology and predatory potentiality of ischiodon scutellaris. Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid identification, images, ecology. Use of pesticides in intercrop leads to health and environmental risks. The main species of aphids attacking beans are aphis fabae scopoli and aphis craccivora koch. Aphididae, a holocyclic, heteroecious species, can infest eight families of plants, act as an important vector of over 50 plant viruses stoetzel and miller 2001, and cause serious economic losses to legumes. Worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora. It includes many notorious agricultural pests, such as the soybean aphid aphis. Facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts.
It includes many notorious agricultural pests, such as the soybean aphid aphis glycines. Invertebrate microbiology worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts cristina m. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. A generation is from a given stage in the life cycle to the same stage in the offspring borror et al 1981. Effects of treatments for electrical penetration graph recordings on. It is a major economic pest of groundnut and cowpea, particularly in the tropics, and a significant pest of mungbean vigna. The use of weather data and counts of aphids in field to predict incidence of yellowing viruses of sugarbeet crops in england in relation to use of insecticides. This page contains pictures and information about cowpea aphids that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia.
The red book may 20 has been updated according to comments received on the prior version and revisions to the current foreign animal disease preparedness and response plan fad prep materials that are referenced here. Biotechnology regulatory services brs to protect plant health, biotechnology regulatory services brs implements aphis regulations for certain organisms developed using genetic engineering that may pose a risk to plant health. Morphtaxonomic analyses of 2009 aphid collections were carried out and the aphid was identified as aphis craccivora koch commonly called cowpea aphid. Aphis craccivora on faba bean vicia faba cultivars oxford. Enter the name or part of a name you wish to search for. It is one of the commonest aphid species in the tropics. There were two significant associations between facultative symbiont and aphid food plant. Both nymphs and adults suck plant sap and cause serious damage right from the seedling to pod bearing stage. Cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch, a serious insect pest in legume agriculture, is reported on all continents except the antarctic pettersson et al. Aphis is a genus of insects in the family aphididae containing at least 600 species of aphids. However, relatively little is known about how symbiont. A new distribution map is provided for aphis craccivora koch a. In general, this pest causes severe damage to beans in warm weather, especially in mediumrainfall areas of the region. Pdf biological studies and life table of cycloneda.
The longest hair on the third antennal segment is usually 0. Identification and characterization of resistance to cowpea aphid. The aptera of aphis craccivora is dark brown with usually a very solid black shiny carapace from the metanotum to abdominal tergite 6. Morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis craccivora he. Based on this definition, i sought the insect that has the shortest generation time. Studies on the ecology of aphis craccivora koch aphididae. Worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are. This aphid known as cowpea aphids or cow pea aphids. They were the subject of numerous research studies, and the topic of many books, including dixon, 1973, dixon, 1985, harris and maramorosh, 1977, minks and harrewijn, 1987, blackman and eastop, 2000, and van emden and harrington 2007. Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch ilse schreiner, ph. Chemical, cultural, physical and biological methods, and use of plant.
When choosing a pesticide, consider information relating to air and water quality, resistance management, and the pesticides properties and application timing. Aphid colony, body length 12mm this aphid is known as cowpea aphids or cow pea aphids. The adult females of these species lived for 1015, 1723 and 1014 days and laid 2535, 5362 and 2026 eggs, respectively. Aphididae on cowpeavigna unguiculata, fabaceae article pdf available in acta biologica colombiana 203. While adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control.
Comparative biology and feeding potentiality of three. The third, and perhaps most costly type of aphid damage, is as efficient vectors of a number of plant viruses. This aphid species is a pest of a wide range of legume species, including yardlong bean vigna unguiculata l. Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora family aphididae this page contains pictures and information about cowpea aphids that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia. Aphis craccivora, variously known as the cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid or black legume. The behavior of aphis gossypii and aphis craccivora. North carolina agricultural experiment station technical bulletin 255. Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of cowpea and also causes significant yield losses in other legume crops including alfalfa, beans, chickpea, lentils, lupins and peanuts. Eggs develop within the mother and nymphs are born live. The biology of resistance to cpa in sa30199 plants was. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid. Description adult females are black, the apterae dorsally shiny. Sep 16, 2014 neem azalf as an inhibitor of growth and reproduction in the cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch.